AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BUNGA PISANG (Musa spp.): TINJAUAN LITERATUR BERBASIS SENYAWA BIOAKTIF

Nia Ulfa Madani

Authors

Nia Ulfa Madani Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Aspirasi

Abstract

Bunga pisang (Musa spp.) merupakan bagian tanaman yang kaya akan fitokimia dan mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, termasuk fenolik, flavonoid, antosianin, protein bioaktif, fitosterol, triterpenoid, dan serat pangan. Tinjauan ini mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikroba bunga pisang berdasarkan literatur yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2017–2025. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif untuk menelaah keterkaitan antara komposisi senyawa bioaktif dengan kemampuan antimikroba terhadap bakteri dan jamur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fenolik dan flavonoid merupakan senyawa dominan yang berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur, diikuti oleh fraksi protein serta senyawa lipofilik. Aktivitas antibakteri yang dilaporkan umumnya menunjukkan respons kuat terhadap bakteri Gram positif, dengan Staphylococcus aureus sebagai organisme model yang paling sering diuji, sedangkan potensi antijamur teramati pada spesies Aspergillus. Mekanisme bioaktif yang diusulkan meliputi gangguan struktur membran sel, peningkatan permeabilitas, inhibisi enzim, dan hambatan terhadap proses metabolisme. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menegaskan bahwa bunga pisang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber senyawa antimikroba alami untuk aplikasi dalam pangan fungsional dan kesehatan, meskipun diperlukan penelitian lanjutan yang lebih komprehensif.

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