ANALISIS DAMPAK EKOLOGIS BUDIDAYA TEMBAKAU TERHADAP LAHAN DAN LINGKUNGAN PERTANIAN: LITERATURE REVIEW

Rahayu Safitri Rahman

doi:10.55681/saintekes.v5i2.506

Authors

Rahayu Safitri Rahman Institut teknologi dan kesehatan aspirasi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/saintekes.v5i2.506

Keywords:

Tobacco cultivation, Land Degradation, Environmental pollution, Sustainable agriculture

Abstract

Tobacco is a high economic value plantation commodity that serves as a primary source of livelihood for many farmers in Indonesia. However, its cultivation practices often conflict with ecological sustainability principles. This study aims to analyze the comprehensive impacts of conventional tobacco cultivation on the extent of land degradation and environmental quality decline, as well as to formulate sustainable management alternatives. This research employs a literature review method with a qualitative approach. Secondary data were collected from various scientific journals and academic publications (ranging from 2012–2025) and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate three main ecological impacts: (1) the application of continuous cropping systems drastically depletes macronutrients (N, P, K), reduces organic matter, and degrades the structure of soil microbial communities (soil exhaustion); (2) a massive reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides triggers the accumulation of toxic residues that pollute the soil and groundwater sources; and (3) the post-harvest flue-curing process of tobacco leaves acts as a primary driver of local deforestation due to the high demand for biomass energy (firewood). In conclusion, conventional tobacco cultivation causes significant ecological degradation. Therefore, this study recommends mitigation measures through a transition to polyculture systems (intercropping and crop rotation), the optimization of organic inputs, the modernization of energy-efficient curing technologies, and structural economic diversification policies.

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