PENGEMBANGAN MODEL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT ADAPTIF TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM: INTEGRASI PAPARAN LINGKUNGAN, KERENTANAN PENYAKIT, DAN INTERVENSI KESEHATAN PREVENTIF

Abstract

Climate change increases health risks through exposure to extreme heat, changes in air quality, disruptions to clean water supplies, food insecurity, and shifts in the distribution of infectious diseases. Fragmented public health responses often fail to link environmental hazards with individual vulnerabilities and the capacity of preventive services. This study aims to develop an adaptive public health conceptual model that integrates environmental exposure monitoring, disease vulnerability mapping, and risk-based preventive interventions. An integrative literature review of scientific publications was conducted, followed by a thematic synthesis examining the relationships between hazards, exposure, vulnerability, response, and evaluation. The synthesis identifies five key components: a climate and health information system, stratification of vulnerable groups, multisectoral early warning systems, tiered preventive intervention packages, and adaptive learning mechanisms. The model positions community health centers (puskesmas), health departments, local governments, and the community itself as interconnected implementers. Heat exposure is addressed through risk communication and the protection of vulnerable groups, while vector-borne diseases require climate-informed surveillance and environmental control. Water, sanitation, and food security are identified as critical determinants that must be managed through cross-sectoral coordination. The success of the model is proposed to be measured through the accuracy of warnings, the reach of interventions, the equity of protection, and changes in morbidity indicators. As this study does not present field test results, definitive conclusions regarding causal effectiveness cannot yet be drawn. The contribution of this research lies in an implementation framework that can be tailored to specific regional characteristics, available service resources, and local risk profiles. Further research is required to assess operational feasibility, stakeholder acceptance, implementation costs, and health impacts. Consequently, the proposed model serves as a foundation for evidence-based preventive planning, aimed at enhancing preparedness, health equity, and community resilience in the face of climate-related